The imperfection of the underlying facilities limits the development of the blockchain industry. At the public chain level, the main problem at present is to solve the contradiction between performance and security/decentralization.
I have previously reported a series of public chain projects, and each public chain improves performance in different ways: EOS solves it through multi-chain parallelism and multi-threaded contracts;AchainI want to solve it in a multi-chain parallel way;TrustNoteI want to solve it by using a new data structure such as a directed acyclic graph;IFMChainTry to solve it by changing the blocking mechanism;QuarkChainThink sharding is the key;andandInitial Chain TrueChainIt is hoped to solve it through a consensus mechanism, the former uses a random trusted proof mechanism (R-POS), and the latter uses a hybrid consensus mechanism;HPB (High-performance Blockchain, core chain)A solution integrating software and hardware is proposed.
to introduce todayInterValue, hope to use the DAG underlying data structure and network layered structure to improve the processing speed of the overall public chain.
In terms of the underlying data structure, Barton Chao, the project initiator of InterValue, told that InterValue plans to adopt the enhanced DAG data structure based on HashGraph. I have introducedDirected Acyclic Graph (DAG)image description
Table 2-1 Comparison with other DAG blockchains
In this structure, transaction information is encapsulated into units, and units are connected to each other to form a DAG graph. The new unit can choose to connect to any one or more old units, pass the new transaction verification and refer to the old transaction to complete the verification, referred to as DAG consensus. Finally, all transactions on the DAG are fully sorted and become a blockchain-like structure.
image description
Figure 4-1 InterValue directed acyclic graph
HashGraph is a type of directed acyclic graph (DAG), using a columnar transaction event sorting mechanism. according toInterValue white paperAccording to public information
According to public information, the Hashgraph technology was proposed by the Swirlds team. The existing HashGraph consensus algorithm uses the Gossip network (through Gossip about Gossip mutual communication protocol communication) and the virtual voting (Virtual Voting) strategy to achieve consensus faster.
Another feature of InterValue is the layering of the network.According to Barton Chao, the consensus mechanism of InterValue is a two-layer consensus mechanism combining HashNets DAG consensus and BA-VRF consensus mechanism.
image description
HashNet consensus framework based on double-layer Gossip
According to the InterValue white paper, full nodes will be elected through DPOS. Barton Chao revealed that the number of full nodes is designed to be 100; after local full nodes join, factors such as the number of Tokens, processing power, bandwidth, and online time will be considered comprehensively, and a certain exit will be set. mechanism. There are also two types of nodes. Light nodes are usually lightweight client wallets; micro nodes are usually smart IoT devices, such as access cards.
Byzantine consensus based on verifiable random function (BA-VRF) consensus is a consensus mechanism based on verifiable random function (Verifiable Random Function, VRF) and BA algorithm, which can randomly select a small number of full nodes as notarization Nodes, and determine the priority of notary nodes, mainly used to supervise nodes and confirm transactions when transactions are inactive.
In addition, InterValue is also preparing to improve smart contracts and anonymous mechanisms. The risk point of InterValue is that the public chain network designed by it adopts a large number of immature new technologies, and the Hashgraph technology description is very powerful, but the main business model of Swirlds is also a private chain and alliance chain, which has not yet appeared in the mature operation of the open source public chain Case.
In terms of development progress, Barton Chao said that InterValue completed the development of version 1.0 at the end of March, using a single-layer DAG network structure. It is currently developing version 2.0 and plans to complete the development before August. In terms of ecological construction, it has reached cooperation with about eight projects, involving live broadcasting, games, commercial data transfer transactions, gene data transfer transactions, real estate transfer transactions, artwork transactions and other fields. The InterValue team will also develop distributed storage applications.
InterValue completed late last year fromorigin capitalI am Lu Xiaoming, editor of Odaily. I am exploring the real blockchain. Please add WeChat lohiuming for breaking news and communication. Please note your name, unit, position and reason.
I am Lu Xiaoming, editor of Odaily. I am exploring the real blockchain. Please add WeChat lohiuming for breaking news and communication. Please note your name, unit, position and reason.
