Produced | NEST Fans (nestfans.com)introduction:The geeks pin their hopes on the Internet for their demands for decentralization. Internet oligarchs have become the core monopoly power of data, and the blockchain world will continue to deconstruct this.
The concept of decentralization
In a system distributed with many nodes, each node has a high degree of autonomy. Nodes can be freely connected to each other to form new connection units. Any node may become a phased center, but it does not have a mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form a nonlinear causal relationship through the network.This open, flat, and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization.Decentralization does not mean that there is no need for a center, but that the nodes are free to choose the center and decide the center freely. Simply put, centralization means that the central decision node. Nodes must depend on the center, and nodes cannot survive without the center. In a decentralized system, anyone is a node, and anyone can also be a center. Any center is not permanent, but phased, and any center is not mandatory for nodes.What we describe here is mainly the full node,A full node is a node with a complete blockchain account book. The full node needs to occupy memory to synchronize all blockchain data, and can independently verify all transactions on the blockchain and update data in real time. The full node is in the blockchain distributed ledger. The main role in is responsible for the broadcast and verification of blockchain transactions.A Bitcoin full node is a node that preserves complete blockchain data by downloading and installing a Bitcoin client (such as Bitcoin Unlimited version, Bitcoin core version, etc.) and synchronizing data.Currently, the complete Bitcoin network transaction data size is approximately200 GB, for an ordinary person, the threshold is not particularly high, you only need to own a laptop with a few thousand yuan, download the Bitcoin client, and you can become a full node to personally verify transactions and check the ledger.From this point of view, you dont need to trust any intermediary, these distributed nodes will be responsible for updating data in real time, broadcasting and verifying transactions, and everyone has the possibility to become a node.Of course, in order to further reduce the threshold for confirming transactions,Bitcoin Core version 0.12.0 clientA pruning node function is provided later, thispruning nodeIt can also complete the Bitcoin transfer confirmation independently, but it does not save the data of the entire blockchain locally, so it cannot provide a complete blockchain to other nodes.The full node of Ethereum is calledFile Node, Compared with Bitcoin, the Ethereum system is undoubtedly more complicated. Bitcoin focuses on one simple thing: storing books and transmitting value. This is an elegant and simple blockchain network; because Ethereum is based on Bitcoin on, addedEVM virtual machine, with computable and programmable functions, in addition to transaction transfers, it also stores a large number ofStatus data。The state explosion of Ethereum has brought greater pressure on the storage of the system. A complete Ethereum network data is Bitcoins10 times, close to2 TB, which is a difficult and high threshold for an ordinary user to store complete data.From this point of view, it is difficult for ordinary users to independently run an Ethereum archive node. With the emergence of various applications in Ethereum, DApps have an increasing demand for Ethereum nodes, but it is not necessary for an ordinary DApp developer to run an Ethereum file node, so,Almost all DApps choose Infura, a third-party operator that relies on one of the most important node clusters in the Ethereum ecosystem, and Infura is hosted on Amazon cloud servers, so it has two layers of centralization risk。Ethereum also has some solutions for this, developing light node clients for EthereumEmerging protocolsuse. This is a node that only downloads block header transactions or state data, we call it a Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) node, also known aslight node。Under normal circumstances, the operation of SPV light nodes is good,But when most full nodes behave dishonestly, the security guarantee of light nodes will become very weak。Due to the huge amount of data on the Ethereum network, with the development of the Ethereum ecosystem, the challenges it will face are also increasing.The purpose of the light node is to make the security of the Ethereum light client close to that of the full nodeSummarizeSummarize
The number of full nodes represents the security of the entire blockchain network system, which is also the backbone of blockchain network security.Overall, as things stand, Bitcoin’s node health is significantly better than Ethereum’s, which needs more effort to fix it. 
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