Original Author: CloudY, Jam
Original Editor: Vincero, YL
Summary
Karl Marx【 1 】may like ETH, Dogecoin, and Worldcoin.
Vitalik's sociological experiment Zuzalu. Zuzalu provides "identity registration certificates" for registered participants through ZuPass and zero-knowledge proof technology, and promotes the implementation of democratic governance by setting up town halls. Therefore, some people compare it to the "abstract sense of the early stage of Ethereum". There is a natural connection between the two because of Vitalik, but there are also differences. Zuzalu is metaphysical, while Ethereum is concrete. Ethereum's programmability allows developers to achieve custom identity authentication through smart contracts. Ethereum's currency payments are implemented by executing smart contracts, meeting the currency payment requirements that comply with the ERC 20 standard, but primarily using ETH.
Elon Musk's Mars colonization plan. Musk's "Starlink" terms state that Mars is a free planet and does not recognize Earth's laws【 2 】.
Since his vision is to take humans to Mars, identity authentication and currency payments for humans on Earth need to be reestablished on Mars. Acquiring Twitter and incorporating cryptocurrencies like Dogecoin into his products become important aspects of Musk's Mars colonization plan as acceptable forms of payment.
Sam Altman's "Global Citizen" concept [^3^].
Altman found that many people in the world, especially those representing citizens of third world countries, have difficulty obtaining valid identification documents. Additionally, the financial infrastructure in these countries is still underdeveloped, making it difficult for these individuals to have basic bank accounts. The construction of Worldcoin provides a new digital identity authentication and currency system, which achieves identity verification by scanning the irises of every person on Earth. $WLD serves as the currency within this ecosystem.
The above three initiatives share the following commonalities:
1) They all focus on and explore the broader topics of identity authentication and currency payments.
2) Achieve the goals of (1) by building a world-class platform.
*Note【 1 】: Marx advocated that the proletariat should unite to oppose exploitation and oppression, and strive for the liberation and progress of all humanity.
*Note【 2 】: Consumer service testing terms from the time of Starlink's launch.
*Note【 3 】: Typically refers to those who consider themselves to transcend national boundaries and ethnic identities, and view all of humanity as a global community.
Zuzalu: Exploring a Borderless Nation
Zuzalu's Vision and Technical Requirements
Zuzalu is an encrypted community grounded in the real world, also known as a summer camp centered around cryptography, immortality, and philosophy. In Zuzalu, participants register and obtain identity verification using zero-knowledge proofs through ZuPass to verify residents' identities. This experiment aims to explore the programmability and smart contracts of Ethereum to achieve custom identity verification and digital currency payments【 4 】.
In Zuzalu, participants include researchers, scholars, founders, and others who delve into topics such as immortality, public goods, zero-knowledge proofs, artificial intelligence, and decentralized and networked nations over the course of two months. Zuzalu is committed to exploring how blockchain technology can be applied to urban governance and operation to enhance process transparency, trustworthiness, and verifiability. Immortality is one of the important topics in Zuzalu, as blockchain technology is believed to improve efficiency in areas such as data management, intellectual property protection, trial transparency, and fundraising in the field of life sciences. Additionally, Zuzalu explores how blockchain can address the extreme risks posed by artificial intelligence. The development of artificial intelligence may lead to superintelligence, and blockchain is being explored as a solution to this issue.
Blockchain technology is considered to be a possible defense against the risks brought by super artificial intelligence.According to multiple participants, Zuzalu aims to establish a borderless digital nation, where every digital citizen has a more fair and transparent identity verification and customizable digital currency payment system.
In summary, Zuzalu is a unique and ambitious experiment that combines blockchain technology, cryptocurrency, life sciences, artificial intelligence, and philosophy. It seeks new ways to improve various aspects of society, from urban governance to scientific research and artificial intelligence security. Participants collectively envision a future where technology promotes inclusivity, transparency, and global cooperation in the digital realm.
*Note [4]: Sourced from Shuyao (Twitter @hotpot_dao)
Elon Musk Matrix: Xeet and the Future Outlook of Digital Identity and Dogecoin for Digital Payments
Musk Matrix
Xeet (formerly known as Twitter) and Dogecoin connect the Musk Matrix as the foundational framework.
Xeet, as a globally renowned social media platform, has a massive user base. Xeet can provide Musk with a powerful platform for digital payments and cryptocurrency promotion. By integrating Xeet with digital payment functionalities, it can drive the popularization of digital currency payments, enabling users to conduct digital payment transactions on Twitter.
Furthermore, Musk has mentioned and expressed his interest in Dogecoin multiple times. Although Dogecoin originated as a meme coin, it has gained more recognition and attention due to Musk's support. By advocating for the development and application of Dogecoin, he can further explore and promote cryptocurrency as a means of payment and its application in a wider range of commercial scenarios.
The above-mentioned Xeet and Dogecoin, along with Musk's other commercial variations, can be well connected to create a massive and comprehensive digital ecosystem. For example, companies like Tesla, which is already listed, and companies like SpaceX, SolarCity, and The Boring Company, which are not yet listed, can promote services that support cryptocurrency payments through the Xeet platform. Users can use digital currency to purchase Tesla electric vehicles, SpaceX space travel, and other services, enabling payment applications. In addition, the neural brain science company Neuralink can also play an important role in the digital payment ecosystem. In the future, through brain-machine interface technology, users may even be able to directly authenticate digital payments using brain signals, further enhancing the convenience and security of payments.
(Source: OP Research)
*Note【5】:
Tesla, Inc.: Tesla is a leading electric vehicle manufacturer and energy company.
SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corp.): SpaceX is a private space company founded in 2002. The company's goal is to reduce the cost of space exploration and achieve the goal of human landing on Mars. SpaceX has successfully developed various heavy rockets such as Falcon 1, Falcon 9, and Falcon Heavy, and has become the first aerospace company to achieve vertical rocket recovery and reuse. Its greater role in the Musk matrix is to coordinate with Starlink's layout.
SolarCity: SolarCity is a solar energy service company founded in 2006.
Neuralink: Neuralink is a neurotechnology company founded in 2016. The company aims to develop brain-machine interface technology, connecting the human brain with computers and other external devices to provide solutions for treating neurological disorders and enhancing human cognitive abilities.
The Boring Company: The Boring Company is a tunnel construction company founded in 2016. The company aims to develop underground tunnel systems to alleviate urban traffic congestion.
Musk's enthusiasm for digital payments
It can be said that Musk has always had a dream in the field of digital payments and has integrated it into his business matrix through continuous exploration.
According to his own account, his mission is to drive technological progress and create a better future, and the payment field is one of the technological innovations he values. From the founding of X.com (later renamed PayPal), an online payment company, it can be seen that he has pursued and had a passion for digital payment solutions. Musk's original intention in creating PayPal was to create a globalized payment method, making cross-border transactions easy and overcoming the limitations of traditional payment systems.
Although PayPal was later acquired by eBay, his interest in digital currency and payments never waned. In a way, Twitter's renaming as Xeet and changing its icon to an "X" is also a tribute to PayPal.
In the subsequent entrepreneurial process, he explored projects related to digital currency and encryption technology. Until the emergence of Dogecoin and the acquisition of Twitter. Musk's digital payment matrix returned to his business landscape and could play a very important role in the future.
In addition, Musk praised the powerful features of WeChat, stating that it can do everything and has no junk information [6]. He appreciates its functions, including messaging, voice and video calls, social media, food delivery, mobile payment, games, and news. Elon Musk's appreciation of WeChat may be because he sees the success of this application in social, payment, and service aspects and believes that its versatility and user experience have inspiring implications in the field of digital payments.
*Note [6]: https://hypebeast.com/zh/2022/6/elon-musk-wants-twitter-to-be-more-like-tiktok-and-wechat
Musk's Web 3 Ambition
Xeet accounts can serve as a digital identity proof and even a digital wallet; Dogecoin may just be the beginning of its "new digital payment" matrix.
Xeet accounts play a crucial role, serving not only as digital identity proof but also having the functions of a digital wallet. By utilizing social graphs, Xeet accounts can effectively define and authenticate users' identities, making digital identity verification more secure and convenient.
Specifically, the Xeet account can use social graph to define/verify identity, link Twitter profile picture to NFT PFP and NFT Tweet Tiles. "Tweet Tiles" is a feature launched by Twitter that allows customizable formats to be attached to tweets, supporting interaction with Twitter Tiles. Content can include text, images, videos, or other elements, making the tweet timeline more dynamic and visual. Twitter is expanding this feature to the NFT market, allowing NFT projects or creators to showcase their NFTs in their tweets, providing a platform for NFT supporters to display and share their digital collections.
According to a report by the Financial Times in January of this year, at that time, Twitter, under the leadership of Elon Musk, was exploring the introduction of payment services on its platform as a means to generate new revenue. Esther Crawford, a key member of Twitter, is designing the payment infrastructure with the goal of providing financial services such as "peer-to-peer transactions and savings accounts". Musk envisions turning Twitter into a "super app" that combines messaging, payments, and commerce. Twitter has registered with the US Treasury Department as a payment processor and is in the process of obtaining necessary regulatory approvals.
Therefore, Musk's payment dream can be realized through Xeet, supporting Dogecoin payments, and integrating his other business ventures. Such an integrated ecosystem will bring new innovations and possibilities to the digital payment field, promoting the widespread application of digital currencies and further advancing payment methods. We may witness a digital ecosystem built by commercial versions like Xeet and Dogecoin, bringing more innovations and possibilities to digital payments, and changing our payment methods and habits.
This future is perhaps not far away.
（Source: Twitter development team @XDevelopers）
Worldcoin and the Third World
How Does Worldcoin Physically Prove "I am Me"?
Worldcoin claims to solve the problem of human identity verification through privacy-first, self-sovereign, and decentralized means.
According to estimates from the World Bank's ID4D database, nearly 1 billion people globally lack any form of legally recognized identification. Additionally, 3.4 billion people possess some form of legally recognized identity but struggle to use it in the digital world.
This "digital identity" refers to the ability to have a clear identity verification through digital channels, unlocking access to banking, government welfare, education, and many other vital services. Digital identity cards not only enhance citizen and societal empowerment but also enable true inclusive economic benefits.
The vision of Worldcoin is to become the world's largest and most inclusive identity and financial public product for all humanity.
The Worldcoin protocol currently includes:
World ID is a privacy-preserving digital identity aimed at solving individual identity verification issues, using biometric verification to prove a person's unique personality.
Worldcoin (WLD) is a digital currency that can be freely distributed to independent individuals where legally allowed.
World App is the first application compatible with World ID, carrying stablecoins supported by digital assets and fiat currencies, which can be used for payments, purchases, and transfers worldwide.
According to the data on July 13th from Wroldcoin, the number of registered World IDs has surpassed 2 million, and it took less than half the time to reach the first 1 million. On average, more than 40,000 people register and verify their World IDs every week. Registrants from around the world, including Barcelona, Berlin, Buenos Aires, New York, Seoul, and Tokyo, register through The Orb developed by Tools for Humanity (TFH) for iris and biometric scans. As a reward, they will receive 25 WLD tokens. Alex Blania, co-founder of Worldcoin and CEO of Tools for Humanity, said, "The goal of Worldcoin is to allow anyone in the world, regardless of background, geographic location, or income, to access the growing digital and global economy in a privacy-protected and decentralized manner."
Worldcoin's Technology and Applications
As shown in the figure, to obtain a World ID, users need to first download the World App to store their World IDs. Then, they can make an appointment on the official website for iris scanning to verify their identity. Once the verification is completed through The Orb, individuals will receive a World ID.
This World ID can be used on-chain to verify the user's identity to other protocols, and can be cross-chain. Additionally, users can receive a certain amount of WLD tokens each week through the World ID, if permitted by law. The World App allows users to use the App on the Optimisam chain through WalletConnect, such as trading on DEX.
It's important to note that other developers can utilize the SDK framework based on the World ID in their applications without permission, simplifying the interaction between Web 3 and Web 2 applications.
Worldcoin's technical architecture
When performing person verification, Orb first uses sensors to ensure that the person standing in front of it is human. It then captures, processes, and immediately deletes a series of iris images by default, creating an iris code, which is a digital representation of the iris texture.
After creating the iris code, although Orb automatically deletes the iris images, individuals can also choose to back up their images. This will allow them to share their iris images with Worldcoin to train the project's iris detection and segmentation models, as well as similar algorithms.
Worldcoin intends to establish its own public chain based on the OP Stack, which will enable it to inherit Ethereum's account anonymity and transaction transparency. As shown in the diagram below, after establishing the World ID using Orb, the data will be published on-chain through the Worldcoin Protocol and can be verified by other applications on the WorldApp through zk proofs.
And the SDK's built-in cross-chain architecture allows it to share identity information between the Ethereum mainnet, other Layer 2 solutions like Optimism and Arbitrum, and non-EVM compatible chains like Solana and Sui.
Worldcoin emphasizes the decentralization of the entire protocol in its roadmap, which can be summarized as decentralization in governance, development, and operation:
Governance: foundation management based on DAO
Development: protocol open source and device design transparency
Operation: diversification of operating entities
Worldcoin Applications
Worldcoin hopes to enable everyone to participate in the global digital economy through DeFi and DID from anywhere, allowing equal opportunities on a global scale. The more advanced the network is, the more evident its effects should be. In other words, by establishing an identity system, World ID, that belongs to individuals and a wallet, WorldAPP, that enables global payments, purchases, and transfers, it becomes the gateway to Web 3, giving everyone an opportunity to participate in the global economy and address the issue of opportunity inequality primarily existing in third world countries.
This is also why Worldcoin distributes WLD for free to 1 billion people worldwide, in order to quickly expand its financial network and occupy a very Crypto narrative. According to Worldcoin's article, it has the following applications:
Identity
Real person identification: Fake accounts, spam emails, and automated calls on Twitter are symptoms of a lack of robust and smooth digital identity. The rapid development of AI models exacerbates these problems, as these models can bypass captchas and generate convincing "human" content. Therefore, a solution for identity verification, as proposed by Worldcoin, is crucial as it can be used as public infrastructure. If each message or transaction includes "verified human" credentials, a large amount of noise can be filtered out from the digital world, especially to defend against Sybil attacks.
Currently, collective decision-making in Web 3 relies heavily on token-based governance (one token, one vote), although platforms like Gitcoin have adopted quadratic voting to limit whales, it is still unable to withstand Sybil attacks. When digital identity is introduced into the real world, it faces issues of resource allocation and excessive incentives. Therefore, reliable and Sybil-resistant identity verification systems like World ID offer a new solution for global democratic governance and resource allocation mechanisms, making it increasingly important for everyone to participate in its governance.
Identity-based financial applications
Business incentive adjustments: Coupon programs, loyalty plans, referral programs, and other systems that share value with customers are prone to Sybil attacks and internal cheating, as the cost of misconduct is extremely low while the rewards are high. Therefore, frictionless and anti-fraud digital identities help adjust incentive measures and benefit consumers and companies. This allows users to participate in a company's operations and even partially own a company in a form other than stocks.
Equal distribution of social resources: Social subsidies and welfare are particularly important in developing economies because these countries' social welfare programs not only face the problem of using false identities to obtain resources beyond their fair share, but also the misallocation of resources due to outdated identity statistics. In 2021, India saved $5 billion in subsidy programs by implementing a fraud-reducing biometric system. Decentralized identity proof protocols can extend similar benefits to any project or organization worldwide. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, the right to fair distribution and the value created through universal basic income will be able to offset the problem of concentrated economic power to some extent. World ID ensures that each individual only registers once and guarantees fair distribution.
Opportunities for Third World countries to leapfrog:
Worldcoin is precisely a solution to the current dilemma of third world countries, based on identity proof, on-chain credit system, and crypto payment system. The current world monetary system and economic situation, as well as factors such as climate, pandemics, and war, have gradually worsened the economic environment of third world countries. They urgently need a breakthrough to reverse their decline, and the current improvement in infrastructure and blockchain technology gives them the conditions to do so. The demand for digital identity and new monetary systems gives them the motivation. Taking Africa as the most typical example:
1) Current economic situation of African countries:
The April 2023 edition of "Africa Pulse" report shows that due to global economic uncertainties, underperformance of the largest economy in Africa, high inflation, and dramatic slowdown in investment growth, economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa remains weak and insufficient to reduce extreme poverty. Economic growth is expected to slow from 3.6% in 2022 to 3.1% in 2023.
In December of last year, Ghana's inflation rate surged to 54.1%, reaching its highest level in nearly 22 years. In January of this year, Nigeria's inflation rate rose from the previous month's 21.34% to 21.82%, the highest level since September 2005.
The government is faced with increasing debt payments and liquidity issues, which are related to the high borrowing costs caused by bank failures in Europe and America and the appreciation of the US dollar.
Africa's natural resource wealth has enormous untapped economic potential, which requires good sector governance, appropriate taxation to obtain a larger share of resource rent, as well as regional cooperation and investment.
Containing inflation remains the core of achieving macroeconomic stability. African governments have the right to carry out internal reforms to restore macroeconomic stability and better determine the priority of expenditures.
The economic performance of different sub-regions in Sub-Saharan Africa is not consistent.
Investment growth has declined significantly across all sub-regions, resource-rich and resource-scarce countries, as well as investor types (public, private, and foreign).
2) Infrastructure
In recent years, the construction of internet and mobile internet infrastructure in Africa has been rapid. According to the "Sub-Saharan Africa Mobile Economy 2022" report published by the Global Mobile Communications System Association, by the end of 2021, more than 500 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa had subscribed to mobile services, with a mobile user penetration rate of 46%. The report predicts that by 2025, the region will have 613 million people subscribing to mobile services, with a user penetration rate of 50%. Moreover, more than 84% of internet connections in Africa are made through smartphones. Data from the Nigerian Communications Commission shows that as of June 2022, the number of mobile internet users in Nigeria has exceeded 150 million, with an internet penetration rate of about 70%.
Fintech and e-commerce have also been popular application tracks in Africa in recent years. DataSparkle data shows that in 2022, these two tracks maintained strong growth despite the economic headwinds. The active user base of financial mobile applications in Africa has grown by 26% from January to December, surpassing 73 million. The active user base of shopping applications has grown by 6% from January to December, surpassing 36 million.
3) Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology has evolved from the initial peer-to-peer cash system of Bitcoin to the global computer of Ethereum. With the emergence of smart contracts, a large number of new technologies and concepts have emerged. These mature solutions can be used to improve the current world monetary system:
Different solutions under the same standard: Layer 2/Rollup
Under the same standards, countries operate their respective schemes based on their own policies, unified "measurement", and solve system frictions in multi-party cooperation.
Identity and Credit System: DID
Identity and credit are on-chain, replacing traditional banks for personal credit assessment, and making national identity authentication systems compatible with each other to optimize immigration management.
Asset and Data Ownership: Wallet + RWA + zk
Based on blockchain account system, using zk proof to ensure national information and citizen data security, protecting individual asset ownership, reducing financial asset transaction threshold, and providing everyone with the right to participate in economic activities.
4) International Monetary System
From the Bretton Woods system established by 44 countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Canada, Italy, and Japan, to the Jamaica system that specifically provides greater exchange rate flexibility and policy space for developing countries, some developed countries and international institutions have dominated decision-making and the formulation of international financial rules, resulting in a smaller say for developing countries. At the same time, due to challenges in the financial system and technological reserves, developing countries may face limitations in their comprehensive participation in the international monetary system. Therefore, in the evolution of the international monetary system, there are almost no opportunities for the participation of developing countries.
However, identity verification based on Blockchain and cross-border instant payment based on Cryptocurrency may provide opportunities for developing countries to establish and deeply participate in a new international monetary system.
5) Demand for digital identity and new monetary system:
Unlike developed countries and large economies, third world countries mainly rely on cash currency systems, lack mature credit systems, have just started to adopt mobile payments, and have not established sound banking systems. Therefore:
High national borrowing costs, difficulty in attracting external investment.
Limited scope and categories of economic activities.
There are not many historical obstacles in the process of adopting a digital currency system.
There are still a large number of citizens without digital identity or not benefiting from it, as shown in the figure below. Developing countries have the potential for significant GDP growth from the use of digital identity, with individual citizens potentially capturing over 50% of the value generated. Taking Nigeria as an example, 81% of its workforce are self-employed. Digital identity can help them participate in small-scale entrepreneurship and investment, thereby accessing government support and protection. It can also help the government recover lost tax revenues due to income fraud. In the case of Ethiopia, digital identity can potentially bring in 41 million potential users for the financial industry, as it enables remote identity authentication for banking services, creating an investment value of $2.5 billion. Therefore, the economic value created by digital identity in emerging economies far surpasses that in mature economies.
The significance of global platforms
This global platform represents a new narrative and offers a huge potential market, as its users span the entire global population. It is what DeSoc and Satoshi Nakamoto aimed to achieve.
Currently, global platforms are dominated by major technology and internet giants from the United States, China, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
In the United States, companies like Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Apple provide internet services globally, including search engines, cloud computing, e-commerce, and smart devices. Representative Chinese companies include Baidu, Tencent, Alibaba, and Huawei, which also cover areas such as search engines, social media, e-commerce, cloud services, and communication devices. Although Europe doesn't have giants like the United States and China, it has numerous well-known tech companies such as SAP, Spotify, and ARM.
Furthermore, Southeast Asia and Africa have some influential platforms like Grab and Transsion. Grab is the largest ride-hailing platform in Southeast Asia, providing services like taxis, food delivery, and courier. Transsion, a mobile communication device manufacturer headquartered in China, holds significant market share in Africa and its mobile phone brands include Tecno, Infinix, and Itel.
These global platforms have a massive user base and extensive influence in their respective regions. With the rise of emerging technologies such as blockchain, digital identity authentication, and payments, we may see the emergence of more global platforms in the future, potentially reshaping the current competitive landscape and driving the vigorous development of the global digital economy.
DeSoc and Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin both aim to break the monopoly of the traditional internet industry and provide users with more secure, autonomous, and privacy-protected digital identities and payment methods through decentralized technology. This has similarities to the business concepts mentioned in this article, such as Zuzalu, Worldcoin, and Musk. They are all exploring the field of digital identity authentication and currency payment, and attempting to build world-class platforms that are driven by users, giving users greater control and privacy protection.
The potential market for these global platforms is enormous, as their user base spans the entire world. This includes not only highly developed regions such as the United States, China, and Europe, but also developing countries in Southeast Asia and Africa. In these developing countries, digital identity authentication and payment systems are crucial because many people lack legitimate identification and financial infrastructure, and these global platforms are attempting to fill this gap. This will bring more convenience and opportunities to people in these regions.
However, there are many challenges to establishing such new platforms on a global scale, including technical difficulties, legal and regulatory issues, privacy, and data security concerns. Nevertheless, these emerging technologies and platforms are trying to change the existing internet landscape and bring more rights and choices to users.
Conclusion
Sam Altman and Elon Musk both want to achieve the same thing, which is identity + payment, but they have different implementation paths.
1) Altman starts with determining the identity of each individual, distributing airdrops, and gradually guiding users to use the built-in wallet to establish an ecosystem, more like a rural area surrounding a city, building upwards from the bottom.
2) Musk, on the other hand, uses the established Twitter social graph to build internet identities, and by integrating their respective Web 3 projects and assets, transforms Web 2 into Web 3, as if a monarch constitutionalizes an existing ecosystem.
By comparing Worldcoin, Twitter (now Xeet), and Vitalik's sociological experiments (Zuzalu), we can draw the following conclusions:
Worldcoin: Worldcoin's main goal is to achieve digital identity authentication through biometric features such as iris scanning, and provide a digital currency system to 1 billion people worldwide by distributing tokens ($WLD) for free. Worldcoin aims to build an ecosystem from the top down by gradually guiding users to utilize the built-in wallet, establishing a global system for digital identity authentication and currency payments. It focuses on addressing the issues of inadequate global citizen identity authentication and financial infrastructure.
Twitter (Xeet): Twitter's vision is to achieve digital identity authentication and digital currency payments through social graph and the existing Twitter social network. Elon Musk plans to leverage the existing user base and social graph of Xeet to build digital identities. By integrating Web 3 projects and assets, Twitter aims to transform Web 2 into Web 3, upgrading the existing ecosystem into a new digital payment ecosystem. This approach introduces digital identity and payments into the existing social network through reforms and integration of the current platform.
Zuzalu (Vitalik's Social Experiment): Zuzalu is a social experiment that provides identity authentication through ZuPass and zero-knowledge proof technology, and explores the customizability of Ethereum and the scalability of smart contracts to achieve custom identity authentication and digital currency payments. Zuzalu aims to explore how blockchain technology can supervise urban governance and operations, with an emphasis on improving process transparency, trustworthiness, and verifiability. This experiment focuses more on the application of digital identity authentication and payment methods in urban governance and social operations.
In summary, these three projects differ in their goals and implementation paths. Worldcoin focuses on addressing identity authentication and financial infrastructure issues for citizens in third-world countries, achieved by building an ecosystem from multiple layers and dimensions. Twitter (Xeet) plans to introduce digital identity authentication and payments through existing social networks and social graphs, upgrading the existing platforms into a new digital payment ecosystem. Zuzalu is an experimental project that explores the application of digital identity authentication and payment methods in urban governance and social operations of future cities.
Reference
[1] "Tweet: Worldcoin Explained"
https://twitter.com/jason_chen998/status/1637845333056294913
[2] "Digital Identity: The Key to Inclusive Growth"
[3] "Biometric technology is more effective in the short term, but social graph-based technology is more robust in the long term"
https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2023/07/24/biometric.html
[4] "Worldcoin: Pre-alpha Version of Cyberpunk Social Currency"
https://twitter.com/0xNing0x/status/1657915306701111297
[5] "Deception, exploited workers, and cash handouts: How Worldcoin recruited its first half a million test users"
https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/06/1048981/worldcoin-cryptocurrency-biometrics-web3/
[6] "Twitter Collaborates With NFT Marketplaces to Enable NFT Tweet Tiles for Collectors"
[7] "Elon Musk pushes forward with Twitter payments vision"
https://www.ft.com/content/9d84d534-b2dd-4cff-85d1-aee137b26a45
[8]"Africa Pulse"
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39615
[9]"Impact of European and American Banking Crisis on Africa"
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2023-04/15/content_25975829.htm
