Original｜Odaily Planet Daily
Author: jk
The cold wind of Colorado brought with it the enthusiasm of the blockchain world. At the peripheral activities of ETH Denver, a stamp with a bunch of red berries was printed on the arm of each participant - this was the first password left by the Boundless team for the participants. Reka, the head of brand and communication, stood next to the device and gently ran his fingers across the surface of the berry stamp: Berry is a very interesting homophonic pun , and each one represents the combination of Boundless and Verifiable Compute.
Berry has obviously ignited the enthusiasm of Boundless community members, and now more than 1.5 million NFTs with it as the theme have been minted. Under the reflection of the snow in the Rocky Mountains in the distance, Odaily had a series of in-depth conversations with six members of the Boundless core team behind Berry - CEO Jeremy Bruestle, Head of Technical Products Jacob Everly, CIO Shiv Shankar, COO Joe Restivo, Vice President of Products Brett Carter, and Brand Helmsman Reka Medvecz. From the engineering philosophy of ZKVM to the trust game of TEE, from the revolutionary experiment of AI reasoning to the brand narrative behind Berry, the companys technological ambitions and humanistic touch are equally shocking.
High imitation conference admission bracelet, the first pot of gold with a strong sense of stealing
At the ETH Denver conference in early 2022, a group of young people who were not qualified to enter stood outside the venue, holding fabrics and tools bought from Joann Fabrics (a local printing shop). They cut, sewed, and repeatedly practiced the gesture of raising their hands to pass through security checks, comparing the styles of the wristbands of the entrants. When the counterfeit wristbands successfully fooled the inspection, this group of people may not have thought that this rule-breaking hacker-style breakthrough would become a metaphor for the fate of the company.
The several early investments we later received were all negotiated at this getting in conference, recalled Boundless CEO Jeremy Bruestle. For a company with security as its core technology, this almost absurd starting point is in line with the underlying logic of the blockchain world: those who break the old rules are often the first to define new rules.
The eureka moment in a mathematical paper triggered a virtual machine revolution
As one of the co-founders of the company, Jeremys obsession with mathematics is like a hidden thread that connects Boundlesss technical genes. When I asked him whether the creation of Boundless was the result of a sudden idea or a long-term accumulation and preparation, he said without hesitation that it was a gradual process.
Five or six years ago, this person who can read math papers as a hobby read in a paper about PCP theorem (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs) : Any complex calculation can be verified in constant time . In other words, no matter how long a calculation takes to complete, we can prove its correctness in an instant. This discovery is like an electric current passing through the brain - if humans can instantly verify the authenticity of the entire Encyclopedia Britannica, the trust mechanism of blockchain will be completely subverted.
But the technical reality at that time was bleak: verification took much longer than the calculation itself, the theory was perfect, but the engineering was difficult to implement. It was not until 2020 that the paper on the STARK proof system gave him hope. I did a simple calculation and found that as long as the engineering optimization was in place, ZKs verification speed could be increased by a million times.
In a late-night phone call, he excitedly described his vision to his partner Frank, but was confronted with a soul-searching question: How do developers program? When Jeremy threw out the finite field polynomial constraint, there was silence on the other end of the phone. No one would be willing to write this kind of thing, its useless! Franks cold water poured down the bubble of technological idealism.
The real turning point happened in San Francisco. That night, Jeremy, Frank, and Brian were staring at empty beer cans when they had an idea: What if we could simulate an existing computer in ZK?
This idea, later called ZKVM (zero-knowledge virtual machine), completely changed the rules of the game. They chose to be compatible with the RISC-V instruction set - just like cloning a standard computer in the crypto world, developers write programs with ordinary Rust and Solidity code, and the virtual machine automatically generates ZK proofs. We want to make ZK as natural as using electricity. Developers only need to turn on the light bulb and dont need to understand the principle of power generation. Jeremy said metaphorically.
The industry was initially scornful. Jeremy and his colleagues’ views were indeed radical at the time; “virtual machines are relatively inefficient” and “developers should learn the underlying circuits, and there is no need for zkVM at all” - doubts came like a tide. But the Boundless team knew that when Japanese convenience stores took over street tea shops with standardized processes, the power of a compatible ecosystem would always be greater than local efficiency.
In 2023, the release of RISC-V ZKVM was like a boulder dropped into a lake. Four or five newcomers quickly followed up with similar solutions, proving that the market finally understood RISC Zeros advanced judgment at the time: when ZK meets a standardized instruction set, the speed of technology popularization will explode exponentially.
But Jeremy has set his sights on further development. ZKVM only enables developers to write code, we also need to make it powered. The team that has released Boundless is now packaging ZK into the infrastructure of the blockchain - just like cloud computing turns servers into ready-to-use resources. When developers can call ZK to accelerate on-chain computing with just three lines of code, this revolution that began with a mathematical paper will truly touch the world it is going to change.
Boundless CEO Jeremy, a person who treats mathematical papers as a hobby
What is Boundless?
On Boundless’ beautifully designed official website, there’s a sentence: “ We’re building Boundless, the first universal ZK protocol that brings the power of zero-knowledge proofs to all chains.” But what exactly is Boundless? And what does it have to do with its parent company RISC Zero, a superstar project that raised $40 million in 2023?
From RISC Zero to Boundless: From zkVM to Modular ZK Computing Network
In the blockchain industry, RISC Zero is a well-known name. As the leader of zkVM (zero-knowledge virtual machine), it occupies an important position in the field of ZK computing. However, Boundless is not just a continuation of RISC Zero, but a more general decentralized computing protocol.
“RISC Zero is the underlying computing engine that drives Boundless, and Boundless is how developers use RISC Zero technology on the chain,” explained Boundless CIO Shiv Shankar.
Looking back a few years ago, the discussion of ZK computing was still mainly about how to improve speed, trying to narrow the performance gap between ZK computing and traditional computing. Later, RISC Zero used a completely new path: using zkVM (rather than traditional circuit-level optimization) to improve the efficiency of ZK computing. This breakthrough brought greater flexibility, allowing ZK computing to break away from fixed circuit design and get closer to traditional computing architecture, truly realizing universal computing.
However, simply having zkVM is still not enough, because developers need not only computing power, but also a complete tool chain, end-to-end developer experience, and a feasible economic model.
“That’s exactly what Boundless is all about,” Shiv said. “It not only provides high-performance ZK computation, but also simplifies the process of integrating ZK technology for developers, so that they don’t need to worry about the underlying computation details, and can easily use ZK computation no matter which chain the application they build runs on.”
Boundless = RISC Zero + complete protocol stack + economic incentives.
From Trident to Boundless Challenges: Finding the Optimal Solution through Practice
We want to build the right solution from the beginning, Boundless CEO Jeremy Bruestle recalled when the team started. This goal sounds obvious, but to actually achieve it, the challenges we need to face are far more complex than we imagined.
Before the birth of Boundless, the team did not blindly follow the popular solutions on the market, but instead conducted a large-scale technology exploration experiment - Project Trident.
At that time, there were different opinions within the team on how to build the ZK computing market. Some people believed that they should start from the perspective of Layer 1 (L1) and build a ZK computing public chain that is optimized from the bottom layer; others believed that Layer 2 (L2) was a more realistic path that could be implemented faster; others advocated the use of a hybrid architecture to achieve scalable ZK computing at different levels, and there were other attempts from different factions.
In many companies, decisions on technology routes are often made by founders or executives, but Boundless chose a more challenging path: developing three different prototypes at the same time, actually testing their feasibility, and ultimately deciding the direction based on data and results.
“The winning solution was not proposed by the CEO or the product manager, but by our senior engineers,” said Boundless CIO Shiv Shankar.
This process not only found the best technical solution, but also established the culture of Boundless: do not blindly obey authority and let the best ideas win. Shiv said, Boundless will have a large developer community in the future, and we hope that the excellent ideas proposed by community members will be respected and adopted as well as the ideas of the internal team. If someone has suggestions for the development direction of Boundless, we hope that they can see this story and understand that their ideas will not be ignored, but will be taken seriously, just like we treat our own ideas.
“Ethereum’s native Rollup execution layer”: Boundless’ core achievement
If we use one concept to summarize Boundless’s position in the blockchain ecosystem, it is the “Modular Execution Layer of Ethereum’s Native Rollup”.
VP of Product Brett Carter defines Boundless as “Ethereum’s native modular execution layer,” a position that implies a paradigm shift in blockchain architecture. Just as cloud computing breaks down data centers into different layers, Boundless is breaking down ZK proofs into pluggable components:
ZK Mining Market: Borrowing the competition mechanism of Bitcoin PoW, but replacing hash collision with proof generation to eliminate energy waste
Verification as a Service: Just like AWS Lambda abstracts server management, developers do not need to build their own verification nodes
Cross-chain execution layer: Similar to the HTTP protocol that unifies Internet communications, Boundless becomes a ZK coprocessor shared by multiple chains
If you study Justin Drakes discussion on Native Rollup on the Ethereum Research Forum, youll find that Ethereum needs an execution-only decentralized network to improve computing power, and Boundless is the best solution to this need, said Brett Carter.
Jacob Everly, head of technical products, told me that the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Singapore has developed a prototype system using RISC Zero and Boundless technology to verify whether traders in the Asia-Pacific region can trade on the Singapore Exchange without requiring them to provide their full personal information. Users only need to upload their passport and mobile phone number to generate a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) to prove that they are eligible to trade.
Currently, more than 30 teams plan to build and deploy applications on Boundless. Our goal is to reach 100 partner teams next year and make Boundless an industry standard, said Jacob Everly.
340-fold optimization: How to reduce ZK computing costs to an affordable level?
If finding the right architecture is the first hurdle for Boundless, then making it truly commercially viable is a bigger challenge. ZK computing must not only be fast enough, but also cheap enough, otherwise it can only stay in the laboratory and cannot become the core infrastructure of the Web3 ecosystem.
When I asked Brett Carter, Boundless’ VP of Product, what the biggest challenges were, he immediately responded: “Historically, our biggest challenges have been performance and cost.”
In ZK computing, latency and cost are not always synchronized. In theory, latency can be reduced by parallelizing computing, but this will increase costs. For Layer 2, if the cost of ZK computing is too high, the economic model of the Rollup solution will be difficult to establish, let alone large-scale promotion.
In July 2023, Boundless released Zeth, the worlds first Type 1 ZK EVM, which runs on Boundless ZKVM. At the time, estimates showed that the annual computational cost of proving all transactions on the entire Ethereum mainnet would be as high as $170 million. This cost is enough to discourage most projects.
But in just 16 months, Boundless successfully reduced the ZK computing cost by 340 times through a series of GPU computing optimizations, ZKVM kernel optimizations, and architectural improvements, reducing the proof cost of the Ethereum mainnet to less than $500,000. This is due to a lot of technical optimizations, especially at the GPU level. We have continuously optimized ZKVM and GPU kernels, which has greatly reduced this cost. Bretts eyes were full of pride when talking about this achievement.
TEE and ZKVM: When “verifiability” meets “programmability”
In terms of computing trustworthiness, TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) and ZK (Zero Knowledge Proof) are often seen as two competing solutions, but Boundless proves that they can complement each other, just like the combination of local computing and cloud computing, each playing to its strengths and optimizing the overall system.
TEE is responsible for performing calculations in a trusted environment, but its proof data is usually too large to be directly placed on the blockchain. ZK, on the other hand, efficiently verifies the correctness of calculations on the chain by generating verifiable mathematical proofs. Brett Carter, Vice President of Products, used bills to reveal the economic value of this collaboration: Taking Automata as an example, it takes 6 million Gas to directly verify TEE proofs on Ethereum, but through ZKVM, the calculation part can be performed off-chain first, and only ZK proofs need to be verified on the chain, and the Gas cost is reduced to 300,000, achieving an order of magnitude optimization. Taiko already supports both TEE proofs and ZK proofs in its Rollup solution, which shows that future blockchain computing will be more flexible and developers can choose the best trusted computing solution according to the scenario.
This also makes it possible for many projects that use TEE services in the DeFAI field: The AI field is accustomed to entrusting reasoning tasks to centralized services, such as OpenAI or Google Cloud, but users cannot actually verify whether these models are running in the established way. In other words, if ChatGPT does evil at the model level, users will have no way to deal with it. Verifiable reasoning through ZK will be a very valuable application scenario.
Boundlesss ZKVM now supports AI computing, and has achieved a 50-100x performance improvement since its trial run in July 2024. This means that AI computing can be performed directly within ZKVM and generate verifiable ZK proofs to ensure that the reasoning is based on the correct model weights and cannot be tampered with.
Why ZK? Why are we still talking about ZK?
In the history of technological development, every transformative technology will experience a similar trajectory: from the germination of the concept to the market enthusiasm, to the trough of disillusionment, and finally to the mature application stage. Today, zero-knowledge proof (ZK) is experiencing such a turning point - it was once touted as the ultimate solution to blockchain scalability, but in the actual implementation process, the engineering challenges far exceeded expectations, and market sentiment fluctuated accordingly. However, Boundless CEO Jeremy Bruestle believes in the future of ZK and believes that it is at a critical moment in the transformation of the computing paradigm.
“From the perspective of the technology hype cycle, we are in the trough of disillusionment,” Jeremy explained. “Many people saw the potential of ZK a few years ago and believed that it could quickly change the blockchain computing model, but underestimated the engineering difficulty from theory to actual implementation.”
Despite this, the speed of progress of ZK technology is amazing. In the past few years, the performance of ZK computing has increased by 3 to 4 times every quarter. This means that ZK, which could not be applied on a large scale a year ago, has now begun to enter the stage of practical use.
This is exactly why Boundless was born. ZK is not just an emerging technology, but a computing paradigm that is maturing. Jeremy even compared it to the microprocessor revolution in the 1970s: At that time, most computing tasks on the market were completed by custom circuits (ASICs), and the emergence of microprocessors was not optimistic. But as technology advanced, they became faster and cheaper, and eventually replaced all dedicated hardware. ZK computing is following the same path - it will break through the current blockchain computing bottleneck and make scalable, low-cost computing the standard.
Breaking through the “Raspberry Pi on blockchain” dilemma
What stage is the current blockchain computing environment at? Boundless CIO Shiv Shankar gave a vivid metaphor: Todays blockchain computing power is roughly equivalent to a Raspberry Pi. Computing resources are extremely limited, and application developers have to desperately optimize Gas costs to adapt to the performance limitations of the chain.
Currently, executing a highly complex smart contract calculation on a traditional blockchain may consume billions of Gas, equivalent to the amount of calculation for 30 blocks, which cannot be completed on the mainnet at all. This is like the Internet bubble in 1999, when people paid sky-high bills for dial-up Internet access, but it took half a minute to load even a picture. The changes brought by ZK are like the advent of the broadband era - when Boundless reduces the on-chain computing cost by 90%, blockchain finally has a chance to break free from the shackles of Gas.
In the past 12 months, blockchain users paid $5 billion in gas fees, but the actual computing volume was extremely limited. After ZK computing matures, the same computing cost will bring 10 times or even 20 times the computing power, and the economic output of the entire industry will grow exponentially. We are creating elastic cloud computing for blockchains , allowing computing resources to scale on demand like AWS cloud servers, and the price is almost negligible. Shankar explained.
How will ZK computing change blockchain in the next five years?
If we were to make a bold prediction about the development of ZK in the next five years, Jeremy believes that ZK will gradually replace the consensus-based execution model and become the mainstream method of blockchain computing.
The technical tipping point of this transformation may arrive earlier than expected. The proof market system that teams such as Boundless are breaking through is actually replicating the evolutionary logic of the cloud computing market. When ZK computing power becomes a commodity that can be standardized and traded, price wars and performance competitions will give birth to more sophisticated proof aggregators, more efficient hardware acceleration solutions, and smarter resource scheduling algorithms. By then, the GDP growth curve of blockchain may reproduce the steep rise of the Internet from the dial-up era to the broadband era.
The core of this silent revolution always follows the old law of the computer industry: truly great technology never asks the world to adapt to it, but makes itself a part of the world. When developers stop discussing ZK itself and focus on using it to build on-chain applications that were unimaginable in the past, this movement to liberate computing power will be truly victorious.
Jeremy at ETHDenver.
Competition landscape: When efficiency gives way, security and ease of use take the stage
The history of blockchain always repeats the same cycle: when new technologies emerge, countless solutions emerge on the market, each claiming to be the standard of the future, and each competing for attention. But when the technology enters the real landing stage, the market will quickly filter out those bubbles that only look glamorous, leaving behind architectures that truly have long-term value. In this competition, Boundless is standing out in an unprecedented way.
If the ZK computing market is a new city, most projects are building tall buildings, hoping to attract residents with shiny appearances. But Boundless chooses to build roads, optimize water and electricity supply, and create infrastructure that can truly operate for a long time.
True decentralization means censorship resistance from the beginning. It means establishing a real market mechanism to minimize the cost of proof while ensuring a truly secure virtual machine (VM). Boundless CEO Jeremy Bruestle bluntly stated that many ZK computing solutions seem impeccable in the early stages of the market, but the real test will only come after large-scale adoption.
Imagine a DeFi protocol that processes thousands of complex transactions every day, and suddenly finds that the cost of ZK computing exceeds the budget, or the systems degree of decentralization cannot withstand regulatory pressure. Such a solution, no matter how advanced the technology is, will not become the cornerstone of the industry. Boundless solves the problem by ensuring transparent and fair use of computing resources through a Verifiable Proof of Work mechanism.
This innovative mechanism ensures that the rewards received by Provers are entirely based on the actual amount of computational work they have completed, effectively preventing fraudulent attacks, and at the same time subsidizing the cost of proof, so that the operating costs of the entire system can be reduced to a reasonable range. In other words, Boundless is not hyping the future of ZK computing, it is making ZK computing truly available, scalable, and affordable.
From renting computing to complete solution: one-stop ZK computing experience
Many projects view the ZK computing market as a computing exchange where developers purchase computing power to generate proofs, just like renting servers on a cloud service platform. However, Boundlesss way of thinking is completely different - it not only provides computing power, but also provides an end-to-end ZK computing experience.
“Instead of simply selling computing resources to users, we provide a complete zk computing solution that allows developers to seamlessly integrate zk into their applications,” explained Boundless CIO Shiv Shankar.
In other words, Boundless does not want to be a cloud computing provider in the Web3 era, but to become a ZK computing partner for developers . From proof generation to final on-chain verification, Boundless makes the entire process smooth and unimpeded. This kind of experience optimization is the key to truly moving ZK computing from the laboratory to large-scale applications.
For developers, this end-to-end design means lower technical barriers, faster integration, and a more stable operating environment. Boundless makes ZK computing not just a high-level technical concept, but a productivity tool that can be directly implemented.
Product-Market Fit: When computing costs approach zero, the real competition has just begun
“By 2026, almost no one will be talking about the performance issues of ZK computing,” Shiv Shankar told me.
Breakthroughs in computing technology ultimately cannot avoid the ultimate problem: cost. Whether it is cloud computing, GPU rendering or AI training, the real explosion point of the industry has never been a breakthrough in performance limits, but a reduction in computing costs.
Shivs judgment sounds incredible, but if we look back at the development path of cloud computing, we will find that this trend is obvious. Today, almost no engineer cares about the specific computing cost of AWS EC2, because the price has dropped to a negligible level, and developers only care about how to make better use of these resources.
The Boundless team believes that ZK computing is about to reach the same stage. This means that developers will no longer be obsessed with how fast ZK computing is, but will start to think about how to use it to create safer, more efficient, and more scalable applications. DeFi, identity authentication, on-chain games, data privacy protection... ZKs application scenarios will usher in a real explosion, and Boundless is at the forefront of this change.
Currently, the main demand for ZK computing comes from Rollups, Layer 2, and application scenarios that require verification of state transition functions. For example, EigenLayer plans to use Boundless technology in the Slashing Mechanism, because it takes 1 billion Gas to perform these calculations on Ethereum, but ZK computing can complete the calculations off-chain and efficiently submit proofs, making it a feasible solution.
But now, ZK computing will not only optimize existing Web3 applications, but will also give birth to a new batch of blockchain applications. Boundless is currently working with a DeFi team who want to build a data market (Data Markets), which involves several pricing models. In the past, due to the large amount of computation, they could only run approximate calculations on the chain, and Boundless enables them to run the model in full and submit ZK proofs, thereby achieving more accurate DeFi transactions.
If you start building DeFi applications today and dont use ZK technology in your system, you will soon be eliminated by the industry. Shivs words sound radical, but this is the truth: by 2026, the use of ZK calculations will become the default option, not the privilege of high-end technology. When developers no longer go crazy about the Gas budget, innovation will switch from survival mode to creation mode.
In the future, DeFi applications will no longer be limited to the Web3 circle, but will be able to compete directly with TradFi (traditional finance) and even large exchanges. They will have stronger privacy protection, lower transaction costs, and higher execution efficiency. Boundless is paving the way for this day to come.
Mainnet launch: Boundless’s “moonshot”
We are sprinting towards the mainnet at full speed, and the ideal situation is to achieve the mainnet launch in Q2 or early Q3 of this year, Shiv Shankar told me. Boundlesss current priority is undoubtedly the mainnet deployment. In the past few months, the team has conducted multiple rounds of experiments on the testnet to verify the stability, computing performance and economic model of the protocol. Now, everything is entering the final sprint stage.
Before the final mainnet launch, Boundless’ next milestone is “Mainnet Beta,” a trial operation phase for developers.
In the current testnet environment, ZK-computed proofs can be run, but they have not yet fully entered the real economic system. The goal of Mainnet Beta is to allow developers to start generating ZK proofs in a real funding environment and test the performance of the system under actual market conditions.
“After Mainnet Beta, we will focus on extensive testing of the incentive mechanism. ” Joe Restivo revealed.
This will be a critical stage in the implementation of the Boundless economic model. During this process, the team will test and optimize Verifiable Work to ensure that the allocation of computing resources and the incentive system can operate efficiently in a decentralized environment.
Decentralized governance: Building a community-driven ZK ecosystem
In parallel with the mainnet, the planning of decentralized governance (DG) is also being advanced.
Shiv Shankar said frankly that Boundless not only wants to build an efficient ZK computing platform, but also wants to truly make the community a part of the ecosystem.
The launch time of decentralized governance depends more on the legal and operations teams rather than the control of the engineering team. This means that although Boundless has provided technical support for the ZK computing market, the final decision-making power will gradually be handed over to the community to truly achieve decentralized operation.
Boundlesss ultimate plan: to break through the limits of blockchain computing
Brett Carter, Vice President of Product, told me that his core point is that all computational execution will eventually migrate to zero-knowledge proof (ZK) , and the reason behind it is simple: under the current blockchain architecture, all computations must reach consensus among all nodes, which makes the throughput of the entire network subject to physical limitations. For example, the upper limit of the gas per block of Ethereum is only 36 million. This limitation means that smart contracts cannot perform high-complexity calculations such as AI reasoning, otherwise the entire network will be paralyzed.
If today’s blockchain computing is similar to synchronous programming, then the ZK computing provided by Boundless is more like asynchronous computing - developers can perform calculations in parallel off-chain, and then prove their correctness through ZK, and finally submit only a small proof to the settlement layer without having to complete the entire calculation process on-chain.
When Ethereum L2 is everywhere, the real bottleneck has shifted from the network layer to the computing layer - whoever can drive heavy trucks such as AI training and 3D rendering onto the blockchain highway will have the pass to the next era. Brett said that this is why we named the protocol Boundless - to eliminate the boundaries of computing and give blockchain truly unlimited computing power. In the future, blockchain will no longer be just a tool for transactions and smart contract execution, but will be able to support more complex applications, such as Verifiable AI Inference, high-performance on-chain games, decentralized social networks, etc. Boundlesss vision is to fundamentally free blockchain computing from current performance constraints and achieve true computing freedom.
Conclusion: Behind a shirt is a non-standardized innovative philosophy
At the end of the interview, COO Joe Restivo grumbled to me, his voice full of resentment: You know, one of the biggest challenges we have at work is that Jeremy has a special shirt with the Japanese tsunami pattern printed on it that he wears whenever he goes on stage, instead of our official company merch. Every time he wears that tsunami shirt on stage, I want to rush over and put on the official Boundless polo shirt for him.
Jeremys lucky shirt: Ukiyo-e style waves
I specifically asked Jeremy this question again. Faced with doubts, he generously admitted: I do wear that shirt with tsunami pattern often. Especially when meeting investors or giving speeches, I basically wear it. This subtle confrontation between personal aesthetics and company brand unexpectedly became a footnote to team culture: at Boundless, the team is creating value in the way they like. Or, to express it in a more Ukiyo-e style, in the wave of technology, it is more important than going with the flow to find your own wave.
“There are so many people in the world, and if everyone is doing the same thing, the possibilities of the world will be limited, ” he told me. “It symbolizes a concept... I have always believed that each of us can freely choose what we want to create. And the most meaningful thing is to create something that best represents ‘ourselves’. Whether it is successful in the end, we will keep creating.”
